Abstract

This research aimed to establish the existence of male victimization in domestic violence and the contributory influence of its commission. Specifically, it examined the prevalence of domestic violence among husbands, identified the contributing factors, categorized the type of abuse, and determined their correlation. A total of 1,713 married male individuals responded to the survey through the Stratified Sampling Method. Researchers made a survey questionnaire using the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence instrument as a guide and validated by experts. The study employed Mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation techniques to analyze the data. The study revealed the existence of domestic violence committed against men, indicating that 33 percent of the husbands who responded had experienced some form of abuse, with emotional, financial, and physical abuse as the most common. These abuses are due to frustration or stress, dominant behavior, and attention-seeking tendencies. Also, there is a significant positive correlation between physical, financial, sexual, technological, and psychological abuses and the identified factors of domestic violence. The findings necessitate policy intervention in countries like the Philippines, where males are not considered victims of domestic violence, and the provision of support programs. Likewise, further studies can be conducted on male victimization to include psychological and emotional impact, coping mechanisms, and cultural and societal factors.

Keywords

Criminal Justice, Spousal Abuse, Husbands, Wives, Philippines,

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. American Psychological Association. (2011). Intimate terrorism: Physical and psychological consequences. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/
  2. ASEAN Post (2020). What about battered husbands? https://theaseanpost.com/article/what-about-battered-husbands
  3. Badua-Oquendo, D., Beronio, B.C.A, Ferolino, F.A.B, Rocaberte, R.D.Z. (2023). Understanding the lived experiences of Filipino male victims of domestic violence. Asian Journal of Resilience, 5(1).
  4. Broberg, R. (2022). Why are men often overlooked as victims of domestic abuse?. The Centre for Social Justice. https://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/newsroom/why-are-men-often-overlooked-as-victims-of-domestic-abuse
  5. Castillo, R. (2018). More Filipino men are battered by their wives. Lifestyle Inquirer. Retrieved at https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/306549/filipino-men-battered-wives/#ixzz6w34DckF8
  6. Cepeda, M. (2019). House bill seeks to protect husbands and same-sex partners from domestic abuse. Philippine News. Retrieved at https://www.rappler.com/nation/house-bill-protect-husbands-same-sex-partners-from-domestic-abuse
  7. Cloud Research (2022). Determining sample size: How many survey participants do you need?. Cloud Research. Retrieved at https://www.cloudresearch.com/resources/guides/statistical-significance/determine-sample-size/#:~:text=When%20a%20study’s%20aim%20is,participants%20they%20need%20to%20sample
  8. Commission on Human Rights. (2024). Gender-Based Violence Observatory. Commission on Human Rights. https://chr-observatories.uwazi.io/en/page/x4zyavfe0g
  9. De Guzman, B.P. (2023). Implementation of RA 9262, otherwise known as Anti-Violence Against Women and Children. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 2(6), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v2i6.2067
  10. Deshpande, S. (2019). Sociocultural and legal aspects of violence against men. Journal of Psychosexual Health. Retrieved at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2631831819894176#:~:text=8-,Effects%20of%20Domestic%20Violence%20Against%20Men,or%20suicide%20in%20extreme%20cases
  11. Douglas, E.M., Hines, D.A. (2011). The help-seeking experiences of men who sustain intimate partner violence: An overlooked population and implications for practice. Journal of Family Violence, 26(6), 473–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-011-9382-4
  12. Elizabeth, B. (2017) Hidden victims: men and their experience of domestic violence. 5th National Conference on Male Victims of Domestic Abuse: Surviving Domestic Abuse: Experiences, Services and Solutions, London. https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/3463/
  13. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. In Multivariate data analysis, 785-785.
  14. Hamby, S. (2017). A scientific answer to a scientific question: The gender debate on intimate partner violence. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 18(2), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838015596963
  15. Heise, L.L. (2011). What works to prevent partner violence? An evidence overview. STRIVE Research Consortium, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London.
  16. Hines, D.A., Douglas, E.M. (2011). Intimate terrorism by women towards men: Does it exist?. Journal of Aggression, Conflict, and Peace Research, 3(4), 229-236.
  17. Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority. (2023). Gender differences in intimate partner violence service use. Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority. https://icjia.illinois.gov/researchhub/articles/gender-differences-in-intimate-partner-violence-service-use/
  18. Johnson, M.P. (2011). Gender and types of intimate partner violence: A response to an anti-feminist literature review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(4), 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2011.04.006
  19. Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., Pal, D.K. (2015). Likert Scale: Explored and Explained. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 7(4), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975
  20. Karakurt, G., Silver, K.E. (2013). Emotional abuse in intimate relationships: The role of gender and age. Violence and Victims, 28(5), 804–821. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00041
  21. Karystianis, G., Kita, S., Lerigo, F. et al. Characteristics of adult male victims in intimate heterosexual relationships from domestic violence police narratives. Crime Sci 13, 28 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-024-00228-4.
  22. Kifle, M.E., Aychiluhm, S.B., Anbesu, E.W. (2024). Global prevalence of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic among women: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC women's health, 24(1), 127.
  23. Machado, A., Hines, D., Douglas, E.M. (2021). Male victims of female-perpetrated partner violence: A qualitative analysis of men’s experiences, the impact of violence, and perceptions of their worth. Psychology of Men & Masculinities. 21(4), 612–621.
  24. Machisa, M.T., Christofides, N., Jewkes, R. (2017). Structural pathways between child abuse, poor mental health outcomes, and male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV). PLoS ONE, 12(7), e0175249. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175249
  25. Malik, J. S., & Nadda, A. (2019). A cross-sectional study of gender-based violence against men in the rural area of Haryana, India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 44(1), 35-38. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_222_18
  26. Mathias, T. (2019). Male victims of domestic violence struggle to disclose abuse. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-domestic-violence-men-idUSKCN1UC2EF
  27. Monterey, M.J.D (2014). The perspective of male victims on domestic violence in the Philippines. Retrieved at https://www.academia.edu/17790175/The_Perspective_of_Male_Victims_on_Domestic_Violence_in_the_Philippines?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  28. Mundando, J., Gadsen, F., Kusanthan, T., (2016). Domestic violence against men in an intimate relationship: an experience learned from men in Zambia. Journal of Education and Literature, 4(2), 50-60. https://ideas.repec.org/a/rss/jnljel/v4i2p1.html
  29. National Coalition against Domestic Violence, (2022). Voice of Victims, Home for advocates National Coalition against Domestic Violence. https://ncadv.org/
  30. Office for National Statistics. (2023). Why do we say domestic abuse is gendered?. Women's Aid, Until women & children are safe. https://www.womensaid.org.uk/information-support/what-is-domestic-abuse/domestic-abuse-is-a-gendered-crime/
  31. Perina, K. (2020). Why men who are domestic violence victims don't report it?. Recognizing resistance to victim self-identification. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/why-bad-looks-good/202007/why-men-who-are-domestic-violence-victims-dont-report
  32. Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey Key Findings (2017). Philippine Statistics Authority.https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR347/FR347.pdf
  33. Porcalla, D. (2020). Law vs. domestic violence should include men and LGBT. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/12/07/2062019/law-vs-domestic-violence-should-include-men-lgbt
  34. Pratt, T.C., Cullen, F.T. (2005). Assessing macro-level predictors and theories of crime: a meta-analysis. Crime and Justice, 32(1), 373-450.
  35. Srivastava, J. (2013). Domestic violence against men. International Journal of Science and Research, 5(1), 1193–1196.
  36. Statistics Canada. (2021). Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/
  37. Swan, S. C., Gambone, L. J., Caldwell, J. E., Sullivan, T. P., & Snow, D. L. (2008). A review of research on women’s use of violence with male intimate partners. Violence and Victims, 23(3), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.3.301
  38. Swan, S., Snow, D. (2006). The development of a theory of women's use of violence in intimate relationships. Violence against Women, 12(11), 1026-1045. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801206293330
  39. US National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (2020). View of domestic violence fact sheets. https://ncadv.org/STATISTICS http://www.oneinthree.com.au/news/2012/8/13/cdcdoj-survey-men-more-often-victims-of-intimate-partner-vio.html