Abstract

Thermal management systems use jet impingement cooling as a critical component that ensures reliable performance of high temperature electronics through efficient heat dissipation. Traditional refrigerants, such as ethylene glycol (EG), face limitations in thermal efficiency under high heat flow conditions. Thermal efficiency issues are overcome by hybrid nanofluids such as Al2O3-Ag/EG as they improve thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer. The current literature reflects insufficient research regarding hybrid nanofluid properties in jet cooling systems, especially how their compounds behave during collisions and how accurate predictive models can be generated. The research investigates both experimental and numerical aspects of Al₂O₃-Ag/EG hybrid nanofluid behavior during jet impingement cooling. Nanofluids in different volume concentrations from 0.1% to 1% are produced through a two-step process and their stability is confirmed using zeta potential results and UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements. The evaluation determines thermal conductivity values ​​along with viscosity results and considers a jet cooling system operating at speeds between 5 m/s to 20 m/s using heat fluxes from 5 W/cm² to 20 W/cm². Nanoparticle motion can be modeled by combining Brownian motion effects with thermophoretic forces through LBM simulations. The mixture containing 1% nanoparticles provides a maximum heat conduction improvement of 22% and a 55% increase in heat transfer compared to pure EG. Higher nanoparticle concentrations lead to a significant increase in the Nusselt number with flow rate. Measurements of viscosity show that solutions in higher concentrations follow non-Newtonian fluid behavior patterns. The developed predictive model matches the experimental data with an accuracy ranging from -8% to +8%.

Keywords

Alumina-Silver, Ethylene Glycol, Jet Cooling, Nanofluids, Thermal Enhancement,

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